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ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS MCQS
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1. Alpha (α) particles are helium (He) nucleus with a charge of
e
2e
3e
4e
2. When two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, the process is said to be
nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
nuclear power
nuclear transmutation
3. When two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, the process is said to be
nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
nuclear power
nuclear transmutation
4. In the nuclide defined by &15&7X, the number of protons and neutrons respectively are
7 and 8
15 and 7
8 and 6
23 and 15
5. The elements which emit natural radioactivity are known as
radio elements
active elements
radioactive elements
nuclear elements
6. In SI base units, 1 Bq is equal to
10 disintegration per second
1.5 disintegration per second
0.01 disintegration per second
1 disintegration per second
7. A helium nucleus comprising of two protons and two neutrons with a charge of 2e is
beta particle
gamma particle
alpha particle
negative particle
8. Radiations present in atmosphere due to different radioactive substances are called
environmental radiations
background radiations
positive radiations
cosmic radiations
9. Gamma (γ) radiation are fast moving
electrons
protons
photons
neutrons
10. In air, alpha particles have range of
few centimeters
several thousand meters
several hundred meters
several meters
11. Isotopes have same number of protons but different number of
electrons
neutrons
shells
positrons
12. The number of protons inside nucleus represents
atomic mass
atomic number
atomic count
radioactivity level
13. The radiation emitted from the splits into
2 components
4 components
5 components
3 components
14. The phenomenon by which radiations split matter into negative and positive ions is called
ionization
radiation
transmutation
radioactivity
15. Beta particles are stream of high energy
electrons
protons
photons
positrons
16. Nuclei with atomic number 1 to 82 are
stable
unstable
moderately
stable radioactive
17. During natural radioactivity the unstable nucleus disintegrates to become more
stable
unstable
excited
unexcited
18. The elements whose atomic number is greater than 82 are naturally
unstable nuclei
stable nuclei
positive nuclei
negative nuclei
19. The age of fossil when C-14: C-12 in bone is one fourth of ratio in bone of living animal and half-life of C-14 is 5732 years is
100 years
11460 years
1000 years
1200 years
20. The positive charge in an atom was concentrated in a small region called
atomic mass
electron
proton
nucleus
21. If a radioactive element has a half-life of 40 minutes. The initial count rate was 1000 per minute, then how long will it take for the count rate to drop to 125 per minutes
120 minutes
90 minutes
30 minutes
60 minutes
22. Most of the nuclei with atomic number 1 to 82 are
positive nuclei
negative nuclei
unstable nuclei
stable nuclei
23. A compound containing some amount of radioisotope is
tracer
radioactive compound
non radioactive
linear active compound
24. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is called neutron number (N) atomic number (Z) atomic mass number (A) electron number (E)
neutron number (N)
atomic number (Z)
atomic mass number (A)
electron number (E)
25. The fast-moving light photons are
alpha radiation
gamma radiation
beta radiations
no radiations
26. The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called
neutron number (N)
atomic number (Z)
atomic mass number (A)
electron number (E)
27. In alpha decay (α-decay) the proton number of the parent nuclide
increases by 2
increases by 1
decreases by 2
decreases by 4
28. What fraction of the original sample will be after 22 years, if the Cobalt-50 is a radioactive element with a half-life of 4.3 years?
1 ⁄ 32
1 ⁄ 16
1 ⁄ 8
1 ⁄ 4
29. In nuclear fission, as compared to the original mass of the heavy nucleus, the total mass of the product is
equal
more
less
zero
30. If the activity of a sample of radioactive bismuth decreases to 1/8 of its original activity in 15 days, then the sample's half-life will be
3 days
10 days
5 days
7 days
31. In fission, the mass of products is
less than original nucleus
more than original nucleus
equal to original nucleus
all of above
32. The radiation which strongly interacts with the matter due to its charge and has a short-range as compared to gamma radiations is
alpha radiation
beta radiation
no radiation
gamma radiation
33. The radiation which primarily consists of protons, electrons, alpha particles, and large nuclei are called
environmental radiations
background radiations
positive radiations
cosmic radiations
34. The half-life of Carbon-14 is
23 years
1000 years
1200 years
5730 years
35. A process in which heavy nucleus splits into two by bombarding a slow-moving neutron is called
radioactivity
nuclear fusion
nuclear fission
nuclear splitting
36. A stream of high energy electrons is the
alpha radiation
gamma radiation
beta radiations
no radiations
37. Radium-226 has a half-life of
1160 years
1340 years
1580 years
1620 years
38. The radiations that can ionize the matter are
alpha radiations
gamma radiations
beta radiations
all of above
39. Technimum-99 has a half-life of 6 hours. If there is 300 mg of it, how much will be left in 48 hours?
1.58 mg
1.25 mg
1.17 mg
2.56 mg
40. The phenomenon in which radiations split matter into ions is called
denaturing
ionization
condensation
atomization
41. Nuclei which do not emit radiations naturally are called
unstable nuclei
stable nuclei
positive nuclei
negative nuclei
42. The chemical compounds to explore the metabolism of chemical reactions inside the human body, animals or plants containing some quantity of radioisotopes are called
radioactive endoscope
radioactive tracers
radioactive fusion
radioactive atoms
43. The matter is built from small particles called
radiant
atoms
isotopes
ions
44. Nuclei bombarded with protons, neutron or alpha particles are changed to
isotopes
radioisotopes
element having atomic number less than 82
none of above
45. The types of radiations emitted by the radioactive substance are
2
4
5
3
46. The artificially produced radioactive elements are known as
ions
radiant
radioisotopes
transmutations
47. The rate of radioactive decay is proportional to the number of
unstable nuclei
unstable protons
unstable electrons
unstable atoms
48. During the second half-life, the original material is decayed
one quarter
two quarter
three quarter
all of above
49. The rate of radioactive decay is proportional to
nature of rays
no. of electron
no. of protons
no. of unstable nuclei
50. In nuclear fusion, as compared to the masses of original nuclei, the final nucleus is always
equal
more
less
zero
51. The mass of neutron and proton is
equal
unequal
zero
undetermined
52. In the atmosphere, a small amount is present of radioactive
carbon-15
carbon-19
carbon-10
carbon-14
53. Radiation that causes redness and sores on the skin is
gamma only
beta only
alpha
gamma and beta
54. The radiations emitted by different elements are
alpha
beta
gamma
All the above
55. In the air, the beta particle has a range of
few centimeters
several thousand meters
several hundred meters
several meters
56. Nucleons are a collection of
electrons and protons
electrons and neutrons
protons and neutrons
protons and positrons
57. Times a proton is heavier than an electron is
1827
1876
1836
1789
58. The temperature at the center of the Sun is nearly
20 million Kelvin
10 million Kelvin
30 million Kelvin
25 million Kelvin
59. Ashes from a fire in the forest show carbon-14 activity of only 1/8 the activity of fresh wood. How long ago the forest had fire?
18590 years
17190 years
16580 years
14820 years
60. The release of energy from the sun is due to
nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
burning of gases
chemical reaction
61. The SI unit for radioactivity is
farad
Pascal
Becquerel
ammeter
62. The activity of 1 g of radium is
3.73 * 104MBq
2.76 MBq
3.0 MBq
5.9 MBq
63. The activity of a sample of radioactive bismuth decreases to one-eighth of the original in 15 days. Its half-life is
10 days
15 days
3 days
5 days
64. Radioisotope for treating cancer tumors and cells is
Phosphorous-32
carbon-14
cobalt-60
cobalt-59
65. The strength of radiations to penetrate a certain material is known as
splitting power
ionization power
penetrating power
radiation power
66. Radiations burn mainly due to
alpha radiations
beta radiations
gamma radiations
beta and gamma radiations
67. When alpha and beta particles are slowed down by collisions, they become
harmful
harmless
useful
expensive
68. Cosmic radiations interact with atoms atmosphere to create
primary radiation
secondary radiation
tertiary radiation
no radiation at all
69. The spontaneous emission of radiation by unstable nuclei is called
positive radioactivity
artificial radioactivity
natural radioactivity
negative radioactivity
70. The atoms of an element which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in their nuclei are known as
ions
isotopes
radiant
electrons
71. To create a shower of secondary radiation, the cosmic radiation interacts with
atoms
electrons
protons
neutrons
72. In each fission event, the energy released is about
100 MeV
300 MeV
400 MeV
200 MeV
73. The half-life of a radioactive element is 10 minutes. If the initial count rate is 368 counts per minute, then the time for which count rate reaches 46 counts per minute would be?
30 minutes
40 minutes
15 minutes
23 minutes
74. Per year safe limit of radiation exposure is
5 rem
10 rem
7 rem
15 rem
75. As compared to electron, a proton is about
1936 times lighter
1836 times lighter
1936 times heavier
1836 times heavier
76. The cosmic radiation consists of
protons and electrons
alpha particles
larger nuclei
all of above
77. The spontaneous process in which a parent unstable nuclide changes into a more stable daughter nuclide with the emission of radiations is called
nuclear radioactivity
nuclear transmutations
nuclear radioisotopes
nuclear ionization
78. The safe level of radiation exposure per year is
1.0 rem
2.0 rem
5.0 rem
4.0 rem
79. When a heavy nucleus such as U-235 splits or fissions into two smaller nuclei by absorbing a small moving neutron, there takes place a
nuclear fission
nuclear power
nuclear transmutation
nuclear fusion
80. The greatest power of ionization is in
alpha particles
gamma particles
beta particles
none of above
81. The radiations bend in the opposite direction in the magnetic field are α and β radiations
α and β radiations
α and γ radiations
γ and β radiations
All the above
82. The radiation that does not change its direction inside the magnetic field is
alpha
beta
gamma
x-ray
83. The half-life of &15&3N is 6.5 s. A sample of this nuclide of hydrogen is observed for 32.5 s. The fraction of the original radioactive isotope remaining after this time is
1 ⁄ 32
1 ⁄ 16
1 ⁄ 8
1 ⁄ 4
84. The radiation which does not change its direction is
β radiation
α radiation
γ radiation
no radiation
85. The simplest atom with a single proton is of
nitrogen
helium
carbon
hydrogen
86. The activity of 1 gram of radium is
3.73 × 104 MBq
4.58 × 104 MBq
1.69 × 104 MBq
2.56 × 104 MBq
87. For curing cancerous tumors and cells, doctors use
radioactive cobalt-60
radioactive cobalt-80
radioactive cobalt-90
radioactive cobalt-50
88. For curing cancerous tumors and cells, doctors use
radioactive cobalt-60
radioactive cobalt-80
radioactive cobalt-90
radioactive cobalt-50
89. The positive charge in an atom was concentrated in
nucleus
shells
outside shells
between shells
90. The time during which half of the unstable radioactive nuclei disintegrate of the sample of a radioactive element is called the
full life
half life
double life
quarter life
91. C-14: C-12 ratio in a fossil bone is found to be 1/4th that of the ratio in the bone of an animal. The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years, the approximate age of the fossil is
12460 years
11460 years
13590 years
14580 years
92. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons which are collectively termed as
nucleons
protons
atoms
electrons
93. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons which are collectively termed as
nucleons
protons
atoms
electrons
94. The radiation emitted from uranium salt can
DE stable the electrons
break the protons
make the protons
ionize the gas
95. The radiation emitted from uranium salt can
DE stable the electrons
break the protons
make the protons
ionize the gas
96. The greatest penetration power is of which one?
Gamma rays
alpha rays
beta rays
neutrons
97. The number of protons in the nucleus is called
neutron number (N)
atomic mass number (A)
electron number (E)
atomic number (Z)
98. The greatest ionization power is possessed by beta particles gamma particles neutrons
beta particles
gamma particles
neutrons
alpha particles
99. The lifetime of unstable nuclei is
limited
unlimited
100 years
50 years
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