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ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS MCQS

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1. Alpha (α) particles are helium (He) nucleus with a charge of




2. When two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, the process is said to be




3. When two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, the process is said to be




4. In the nuclide defined by &15&7X, the number of protons and neutrons respectively are




5. The elements which emit natural radioactivity are known as




6. In SI base units, 1 Bq is equal to




7. A helium nucleus comprising of two protons and two neutrons with a charge of 2e is




8. Radiations present in atmosphere due to different radioactive substances are called




9. Gamma (γ) radiation are fast moving




10. In air, alpha particles have range of




11. Isotopes have same number of protons but different number of




12. The number of protons inside nucleus represents




13. The radiation emitted from the splits into




14. The phenomenon by which radiations split matter into negative and positive ions is called




15. Beta particles are stream of high energy




16. Nuclei with atomic number 1 to 82 are




17. During natural radioactivity the unstable nucleus disintegrates to become more




18. The elements whose atomic number is greater than 82 are naturally




19. The age of fossil when C-14: C-12 in bone is one fourth of ratio in bone of living animal and half-life of C-14 is 5732 years is




20. The positive charge in an atom was concentrated in a small region called




21. If a radioactive element has a half-life of 40 minutes. The initial count rate was 1000 per minute, then how long will it take for the count rate to drop to 125 per minutes




22. Most of the nuclei with atomic number 1 to 82 are




23. A compound containing some amount of radioisotope is




24. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is called neutron number (N) atomic number (Z) atomic mass number (A) electron number (E)




25. The fast-moving light photons are




26. The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called




27. In alpha decay (α-decay) the proton number of the parent nuclide




28. What fraction of the original sample will be after 22 years, if the Cobalt-50 is a radioactive element with a half-life of 4.3 years?




29. In nuclear fission, as compared to the original mass of the heavy nucleus, the total mass of the product is




30. If the activity of a sample of radioactive bismuth decreases to 1/8 of its original activity in 15 days, then the sample's half-life will be




31. In fission, the mass of products is




32. The radiation which strongly interacts with the matter due to its charge and has a short-range as compared to gamma radiations is




33. The radiation which primarily consists of protons, electrons, alpha particles, and large nuclei are called




34. The half-life of Carbon-14 is




35. A process in which heavy nucleus splits into two by bombarding a slow-moving neutron is called




36. A stream of high energy electrons is the




37. Radium-226 has a half-life of




38. The radiations that can ionize the matter are




39. Technimum-99 has a half-life of 6 hours. If there is 300 mg of it, how much will be left in 48 hours?




40. The phenomenon in which radiations split matter into ions is called




41. Nuclei which do not emit radiations naturally are called




42. The chemical compounds to explore the metabolism of chemical reactions inside the human body, animals or plants containing some quantity of radioisotopes are called




43. The matter is built from small particles called




44. Nuclei bombarded with protons, neutron or alpha particles are changed to




45. The types of radiations emitted by the radioactive substance are




46. The artificially produced radioactive elements are known as




47. The rate of radioactive decay is proportional to the number of




48. During the second half-life, the original material is decayed




49. The rate of radioactive decay is proportional to




50. In nuclear fusion, as compared to the masses of original nuclei, the final nucleus is always




51. The mass of neutron and proton is




52. In the atmosphere, a small amount is present of radioactive




53. Radiation that causes redness and sores on the skin is




54. The radiations emitted by different elements are




55. In the air, the beta particle has a range of




56. Nucleons are a collection of




57. Times a proton is heavier than an electron is




58. The temperature at the center of the Sun is nearly




59. Ashes from a fire in the forest show carbon-14 activity of only 1/8 the activity of fresh wood. How long ago the forest had fire?




60. The release of energy from the sun is due to




61. The SI unit for radioactivity is




62. The activity of 1 g of radium is




63. The activity of a sample of radioactive bismuth decreases to one-eighth of the original in 15 days. Its half-life is




64. Radioisotope for treating cancer tumors and cells is




65. The strength of radiations to penetrate a certain material is known as




66. Radiations burn mainly due to




67. When alpha and beta particles are slowed down by collisions, they become




68. Cosmic radiations interact with atoms atmosphere to create




69. The spontaneous emission of radiation by unstable nuclei is called




70. The atoms of an element which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in their nuclei are known as




71. To create a shower of secondary radiation, the cosmic radiation interacts with




72. In each fission event, the energy released is about




73. The half-life of a radioactive element is 10 minutes. If the initial count rate is 368 counts per minute, then the time for which count rate reaches 46 counts per minute would be?




74. Per year safe limit of radiation exposure is




75. As compared to electron, a proton is about




76. The cosmic radiation consists of




77. The spontaneous process in which a parent unstable nuclide changes into a more stable daughter nuclide with the emission of radiations is called




78. The safe level of radiation exposure per year is




79. When a heavy nucleus such as U-235 splits or fissions into two smaller nuclei by absorbing a small moving neutron, there takes place a




80. The greatest power of ionization is in




81. The radiations bend in the opposite direction in the magnetic field are α and β radiations




82. The radiation that does not change its direction inside the magnetic field is




83. The half-life of &15&3N is 6.5 s. A sample of this nuclide of hydrogen is observed for 32.5 s. The fraction of the original radioactive isotope remaining after this time is




84. The radiation which does not change its direction is




85. The simplest atom with a single proton is of




86. The activity of 1 gram of radium is




87. For curing cancerous tumors and cells, doctors use




88. For curing cancerous tumors and cells, doctors use




89. The positive charge in an atom was concentrated in




90. The time during which half of the unstable radioactive nuclei disintegrate of the sample of a radioactive element is called the




91. C-14: C-12 ratio in a fossil bone is found to be 1/4th that of the ratio in the bone of an animal. The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years, the approximate age of the fossil is




92. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons which are collectively termed as




93. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons which are collectively termed as




94. The radiation emitted from uranium salt can




95. The radiation emitted from uranium salt can




96. The greatest penetration power is of which one?




97. The number of protons in the nucleus is called




98. The greatest ionization power is possessed by beta particles gamma particles neutrons




99. The lifetime of unstable nuclei is